Neprinol Helps Support Cardiovascular Health*

The heart is the center of the cardiovascular system and helps sustain just about every vital process in the body – from the transportation of oxygen to the effectiveness of an immune response, which is why it is so important to keep it working at optimum levels. However, the heart is a complex machine so its health is tied to a myriad of full-body factors, including the effective functioning of nerves, muscles, valves, arteries, capillaries, neurotransmitters, hormones and enzymes. As a result, factors such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels and inflammation can affect the body's ability to transport blood efficiently and can have potentially disastrous effects on overall health [1-4].

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support healthy cardiovascular function.* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes support healthy levels of Endogenous Blood Particles or EBPs.* EBPs can be decayed or oxidized cells, fibrin, fatty proteins or other unwanted materials that normally accumulate in the blood. Systemic enzymes essentially purify the blood of these EBPs, supporting healthy circulation and a healthy inflammatory response [5-12].*

Recent medical breakthroughs have led researchers to use systemic enzymes to aid in digesting debris from the cardiovascular system, softening blood plasma and reducing stress on the arterial walls [5,10,11,13-15].* By digesting cellular debris, such as fibrin and proteins, systemic enzymes assist in supporting normal healthy blood flow and normal viscosity [5-11,13].* [Link to fibrin/viscosity article]

Besides aiding in the support of healthy blood values, systemic enzyme supplementation may also help support cardiovascular health in other ways.* Clinical studies have shown that nattokinase, bromelain and amla aid in promoting healthy blood sugar levels, healthy lipid profiles and healthy blood pressure measurements [14,16-18].*

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, subjects with pre-hypertension or stage 1 hypertension were supplemented with 2,000 fibrinolytic units of nattokinase or placebo for 8 weeks. The group receiving nattokinase showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure by 5.5 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 2.84 mm Hg [16]. Another study investigated the effects of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes [17]. After 21 days of supplementation, the researchers reported a significant decrease in fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose levels in both normal and diabetic subjects receiving amla, as well as significant decreases in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Both normal and diabetic volunteers receiving 2 or 3 g of amla per day also showed significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lowered low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels [17].

Neprinol Helps Support Circulatory Health*

Circulation can be limited by the accumulation of excess fat and lipids in the blood vessels. Excess lipids may eventually impact the endothelial (inner) lining of the blood vessels, initiating changes that can affect blood circulation and lead to changes in cardiovascular health and function.

Much of this endothelial damage is caused by oxidative LDL or other radicals, and it triggers the immune system to respond by activating thrombin and fibrinogen. These stimulate the production of fibrin to scab the wound and promote the healing process. As this healing cascade progresses, the body activates plasminogen, which produces the enzyme plasmin. Plasmin is called a fibrinolytic enzyme because it breaks down the fibrin after it is no longer needed on the wound. Inhibited plasmin genesis can result in excess fibrin and thrombin, which may slough into the bloodstream. This can form the dangerous condition of thrombosis. Freed fibrin and thrombin can close or occlude the blood vessels, causing heart attacks and strokes.

Research also indicates that fibrinogen levels are positively associated with changes to the thickness of arterial walls [19], which can result in decreased arterial compliance and flexibility. As a result, elevated fibrinogen and fibrin levels are as strongly linked to poor cardiovascular health as hypertension, inflammation, obesity, smoking, chronic stress and diabetes [20,21].

Research has shown that protein-dissolving enzymes like those found in Neprinol can slow the production of fibrin and enhance its removal [5,22-26].* Bromelain is a pineapple extract that contains a number of fibrin-degrading (fibrinolytic) enzymes [27,28], as well as enzymes that enhance this fibrin-dissolving action [23]. Serrapeptase is a protein-degrading enzyme isolated from the silk worm [29] that has been identified as an exceptional fibrinolytic enzyme able to digest and liquefy large amounts of fibrin [29,30].* However, of all the enzymes contained in Neprinol perhaps the most significant is nattokinase. This enzyme, produced by Bacillus subtilis, has been clinically shown in animal models to be four times more potent than plasmin itself and can help modulate blood viscosity by dissolving degraded proteins [24].* [Link to fibrin/viscosity article]

Neprinol Helps Support a Normal Inflammatory Response*

Inflammation is a major contributing factor for heart complications, and researchers have identified C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as one of the best clinical markers for general inflammation. In studies involving large numbers of patients, CRP levels seem to be correlated with increased risk for cardiac events [31-33]. In fact, CRP levels seem to predict cardiovascular risk at least as well as cholesterol levels do [34].

In the Harvard Women's Health Study, results of the CRP test were more accurate than cholesterol levels in predicting future heart problems [35]. Twelve different markers of inflammation were studied in healthy, postmenopausal women. After three years, CRP was the strongest predictor of risk. Women in the group with the highest CRP levels were more than four times as likely to have died from coronary disease, or to have suffered a nonfatal heart attack or stroke compared to those with the lowest levels. This group was also more likely to have required a cardiac procedure such as angioplasty (a procedure that opens clogged arteries with the use of a flexible tube) or bypass surgery than women in the group with the lowest levels.

Recent research shows that supplementation with systemic enzymes may help support a normal inflammatory response [12,27,28,30,36].* [Link to inflammation article]

Is Neprinol Safe?

No serious or adverse side effects have been reported from taking systemic enzymes such as those in Neprinol.* Clinical studies have shown that even extremely large doses of these enzymes are not toxic. If you are taking blood-thinning medication or are pregnant or nursing, you should consult with your physician before taking Neprinol.

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. For all conditions or illnesses, see a healthcare professional for a full evaluation, diagnosis or treatment plan.

References

Galassi A, Reynolds K, He J. Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Med. 2006;119(10):812-9.
Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Puska P. Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14,786 middle-aged men and women in Finland. Circulation.1999;99(9):1165-72.
Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. Br Med J. 2000;321:199.
Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al. Impact of High-Normal Blood Pressure on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1291-7.
Meletis CD, Barker JE. Therapeutic Enzymes: Using the Body's Helpers as Healers. Alt Comp Ther. 2005;74-7.
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Prevention of venous thrombosis in long-haul flights with Flite Tabs: the LONFLIT-FLITE randomized, controlled trial. Angiology. 2003;54(5):531-9.
Tai MW, Sweet BV. Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2006;63(12):1121-3.
Felton GE. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypotheses. 1980;6(1):1123-33.
Seligman B. Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology. 1969;20(1):22-6.
Ito H, Suzuki T. Effect of oral administration of nattokinase extract on blood mobility. Society Analyti Bio-Sci. 2002;25(4).
Heinicke RM, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia, 1972;28(7):844-5.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of imflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73-7.
Hsia CH, Shen MC, Lin JS, et al. Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects. Nutr Res. 2009;29(3):190-6.
Wu D-J, Lin C-S, Lee M-Y. Lipid-Lowering Effect of Nattokinase in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2009;25:26-30.
Antony B, Merina B, Sheeba V. Amlamax in the management of dyslipidemia in humans. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(4):504-7.
Kim JY, Gum SN, Paik JK, et al. Effects of nattokinase on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(8):1583-8.
Akhtar MS, Ramzan A, Ali A, Ahmad M. Effect of Amla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011;62(6):609-16.
Gutfreund AE, Taussig SJ, Morris AK. Effect of oral bromelain on blood pressure and heart rate of hypertensive patients. Hawaii Med J. 1978;37(5):143-6.
Grebe MT, Luu B, Sedding D, et al. Fibrinogen promotes early atherosclerotic changes of the carotid artery in young, healthy adults. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010;17(10):1003-8.
Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Castelli WP, D’Agostino RB. Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. Framingham Study Vol. 1987;258(9).
Heinrich J. et al. Fibrinogen and factor VII in the prediction of coronary risk. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:54-9.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol. 1990;84:139-43.
Ako H, Cheung AH, Matsuura PK. Isolation of a fibrinolysis enzyme activator from commercial bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981;254(1):157-67.
Fujita M, Hong K, Ito Y, et al. Thrombolytic effect of nattokinase on a chemically induced thrombosis model in rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995;18:1387-91.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Tsushima H, Mihara H, Muraki H. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia. 1987;43:1110-11.
Pais E, Alexy T, Holsworth RE Jr, Meise HJ. Effects of nattokinase, a pro-fibrinolytic enzyme, on red blood cell aggregation and whole blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35:139-42.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Sandhya KV, Devi SG, Mathew ST. Quantitation of serrapeptase in formulations by UV method in the microplate format. Curr Drug Deliv. 2008;5(4):303-5.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, doubleblind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2003;107:499-511.
Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(12):836-43.
Patel VB, Robbins MA, Topol EJ. C-reactive protein: a 'golden marker' for inflammation and coronary artery disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2001;68(6):521-4, 527-34.
Byrg RJ. Heart Disease and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Testing. http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-c-reactive-protein-crp-testing. Sept 15, 2009.
Ridker PM, Buring JE, Shih J, Matias M, Hennekens CH. Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women. Circulation.1998; 98: 731-3.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634-9.

Neprinol Supports a Healthy Immune Response*

The keys to a healthy immune system lie in the gut. An estimated 70% of the immune system is located in and around the digestive system [1]. When a person is optimally healthy, the small intestine behaves like a selective sieve, only allowing completely digested particles to enter into the bloodstream. Nutrients and well digested fats, proteins and starches are easily able to slip into the bloodstream while large molecules, bacteria, viruses and toxins are kept out.

Unfortunately, as we age, we produce far less of the digestive enzymes needed to maintain optimal health. At the same time, large spaces can also develop between the cells of the gut wall. This gradual breakdown of the intestinal lining, coupled with hindered digestion, can allow contaminates such as undigested food particles and potentially toxic molecules to enter the bloodstream [2]. These are known as Endogenous Blood Particles or EBPs.

As the intestinal lining becomes more and more damaged, increasingly larger EBPs, as well as potentially disease-causing bacteria and fungi, are able to pass through the weakened intestinal membrane. They are then able to enter the bloodstream, triggering the production of antibodies and cytokines (protein molecules released by the immune system to cause a reaction in other cells). The cytokines prompt white blood cells (lymphocytes) to destroy the particles that have escaped through the intestinal lining. Toxic oxidants produced as a result of this process continue to fuel inflammation throughout the body.

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support a healthy immune response.* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes support healthy levels of EBPs and other unwanted materials that can accumulate in the blood.* Systemic enzymes essentially purify the blood of these EBPs, supporting healthy immune function, as well as supporting a healthy inflammatory response [3].*

In clinical studies, researchers have found that natural extracts like the bromelain and papain found in Neprinol can help support a healthy immune response [4].* Bromelain is a proteolytic (protein-degrading) pineapple extract, while papain is a proteolytic enzyme found in the papaya fruit.* Both of these compounds have been shown in in vivo experiments to modulate the immune system, as well as have anti-inflammatory effects [5-12].*

Clinical studies have linked the immunomodulatory effects of a bromelain and papain to their ability to inactivate TGF-beta [4].* TGF-beta is a key regulator in immune responses, including innate immunity, the mucosal immune system, autoimmunity and inflammation [13]. It has been demonstrated that proteolytic enzymes reduce TGF-beta levels in serum by converting the protease inhibitor alpha2 macroglobulin (alpha2M) from the "slow" form into the "fast" form, whereby the "fast" form binds and inactivates TGF-beta irreversibly [4].

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Spaeth G, Berg RD, Specian RD, Deitch EA. Food without fiber promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Surgery. 1990;108(2):204-47.
Hollander D. Intestinal permeability, leaky gut, and intestinal disorders. Curr Gastrolenterol Reports. 1999;1(5):410-6.
Pizzorno JE, Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine, 3rd ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2005:1138.
Desser L, Holomanova D, Zavadova E, Pavelka K, Mohr T, Herbacek I. Oral therapy with proteolytic enzymes decreases excessive TGF-beta levels in human blood. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2001;47(Suppl):S10-5.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of imflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73-7.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634-9.].*
Kamenícek V, Holán P, Franĕk P. [Systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment and prevention of post-traumatic and postoperative swelling] [Article in Czech]. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2001;68(1):45-9.
Kerkhoffs GM, Struijs PA, de Wit C, et al. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study on the efficacy and safety of treating acute lateral ankle sprain with oral hydrolytic enzymes. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(4):431-5.
Szczurko O, Cooley K, Mills EJ, Zhou Q, Perri D, Seely D. Naturopathic treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis among Canadian postal workers: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(8):1037-45.
Shved MI, Dubkova GI. Therapeutic efficacy of Wobenzym in patients with focal pneumonia. Visnik Naukovych Doslidzenij. 1999(2):79-82.
Chen W, Weiner HL, Flavell RA. TGF-beta in Immune Responses: From Bench to Bedside. Snowbird, UT; Jan 7-12, 2011.

Neprinol Supports Healthy Fibrin Levels and Healthy Blood Viscosity*

Many of the causative factors of degenerative health can be found in the circulatory system – fibrin, clotting factors, inflammatory molecules and other Endogenous Blood Particles or EBPs. Due to the diminishing enzyme levels that accompany aging [1,2], especially with regard to the enzymes responsible for the degradation of both normal and damaged proteins [3], these contaminates can accumulate over time. Eventually this can cause the blood to become thick and abrasive, contributing to many of the health complications often observed with aging [4-6].*

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support healthy circulatory function.* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes support healthy levels of EBPs, such as decayed or oxidized cells, fibrin, fatty proteins or other unwanted materials, that normally accumulate in the blood.* Systemic enzymes essentially purify the blood of these EBPs, supporting healthy circulatory function, as well as maintaining healthy blood viscosity [7-13].*

Recent medical breakthroughs have led researchers to use the circulatory purification activity of systemic enzymes to aid in digesting debris from the cardiovascular system, softening blood plasma and reducing stress on the arterial walls [7,12-16].* By digesting cellular debris, such as fibrin and proteins, systemic enzymes assist in supporting normal healthy blood flow and viscosity, and even more remarkably, they require less frequent use over time to maintain circulatory health [7-14].*

What Is Fibrin?

Fibrin is a protein formed in the human body that can significantly impact health and general wellbeing – for better or for worse. Since scar tissue and thrombi (blood clots) are comprised mainly of fibrin, this protein plays a vital role in the healing process. However, if the delicate balance between fibrin deposition and removal is tipped in favor of overproduction, it can lead to the formation of dangerous and unnecessary blood clots in the body [7].*

During the blood clotting process, the soluble protein fibrinogen converts into insoluble fibrin, which is then laid down inside the damaged blood vessel. The fibrin strands then assemble into a net-like gel that hardens and captures all of the materials necessary to patch the damaged vessel. This is the structural framework of a blood clot.

With advancing age the concentration of fibrinogen increases in the blood [17], resulting in increased fibrin production [18]. Unfortunately, at the same time, aging also diminishes the body's inherent fibrin removal process, which is accomplished by the naturally occurring enzyme plasmin. Plasmin acts as the body’s natural blood thinner and is responsible for maintaining normal blood solvency by removing unnecessarily accumulated proteins. Luckily, this natural cleanup process can be supported by supplementing fibrinolytic (fibrin-degrading) enzymes, such as those found in Neprinol [9,11,18-20].*

Neprinol Supports Healthy Fibrin Levels*

Research has shown that protein-dissolving enzymes like those found in Neprinol can slow the production of fibrin and enhance its removal [7,19-23].* Neprinol's blend of enzymes generally test well above 50,000 FU per gram, which means that 50,000 units of fibrin are broken down by each gram of Neprinol powder.* Of all the enzymes contained in this formula perhaps the most significant is nattokinase, which has been clinically shown in animal models to be four times more potent than plasmin itself [21].*

Nattokinase

Nattokinase is an enzyme extracted from natto, a fermented soybean 'cheese' that is popular in Japan [22]. The ability of nattokinase to breakdown fibrin has been tested in more than 12 studies [23], and nattokinase has been shown to be the most potent fibrin-degrading enzyme out of more than 200 foods tested [18].

Researchers have found in laboratory studies that nattokinase works much in the same way as plasmin [18], which means that nattokinase has the potential to literally dissolve fibrin [19].* However, nattokinase also blocks the activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which boosts its fibrin-degrading capacity even more [21,24].*

Plasminogen is naturally converted into plasmin, the body's fibrin-dissolving enzyme. However, this conversion process is inactivated by PAI-1, which is why high levels of PAI-1 reduce fibrin breakdown and removal [25]. By blocking PAI-1, nattokinase increases the amount of plasmin produced, reducing the risk of fibrin over-accumulation.*

Bromelain

Bromelain is a pineapple extract that contains a number of fibrin-degrading enzymes [26,27], as well as enzymes that enhance this fibrin-dissolving action [20]. Bromelain has also been shown to increase the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin [28-30], as well as prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin [26]. However, unlike nattokinase, bromelain is not able to dissolve fibrin clumps that have already formed [26].*

Serrapeptase and Other Proteases

Serrapeptase is a protein-degrading enzyme isolated from the silk worm [31] that has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and fibrin-removal activity [32]. Fungal proteases also have well characterized fibrinolytic properties, as demonstrated by their ability to breakdown fibrin and fibrinogen [33,34].

Because of the cumulative fibrinolytic activity of these systemic enzymes, Neprinol is a powerful tool for doctors and patients who want to support normal fibrin levels and circulatory health.* According to tests conducted by an independent third party laboratory, the overall fibrinolytic activity of Neprinol is much greater than a number of the leading systemic enzyme supplements currently on the market.* Neprinol tested at 36,401.00, while the next closest product registered at only 20,053.00.* That's nearly double the enzymatic power!

Neprinol Supports Healthy Blood Viscosity*

While maintaining healthy fibrin levels is important, oftentimes simply degrading fibrin is not enough to support overall circulatory health.* Therefore Neprinol also helps support normal levels of other factors that contribute to healthy blood viscosity [13,14,23].*

Nattokinase has also been shown to aid in the breakdown of clotting factors like fibrinogen, factor VII and factor VIII in healthy humans [14], while bromelain has been identified in animal and human studies to have properties that support normal blood viscosity, such as preventing the aggregation of platelets [13,35].*

At least four human clinical studies have concluded that supplementation with enzymes (like those found in Neprinol) could be potentially beneficial for people who are interested in supporting healthy blood values and clotting times [8,9,11,36].* According to doctors who recommend Neprinol, their patients retain clean healthy blood similar to people who are much younger.*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Pastoris O, Boschi F, Verri M, et al. The effects of aging on enzyme activities and metabolite concentrations in skeletal muscle from sedentary male and female subjects. Exp Gerontol. 2000;35(1):95-104.
Kitani K. What really declines with age? Age (Dordr). 2007; 29(1):1-14.
Tomaru U, Takahashi S, Ishizu A, et al. Decreased proteasomal activity causes age-related phenotypes and promotes the development of metabolic abnormalities. Am J Pathol. 2012;180(3):963-72.
Koenig W. Fibrin(ogen) in cardiovascular disease: an update. Thromb Haemost. 2003;89:601-9.
Eidelman RS, Hennekens CH. Fibrinogen: a predictor of stroke and marker of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:499-500.
Nesheim M. Myocardial infarction and the balance between fibrin deposition and removal. Ital Heart J. 2001;2:641-5.
Meletis CD, Barker JE. Therapeutic Enzymes: Using the Body's Helpers as Healers. Alt Comp Ther. 2005;74-7.
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Prevention of venous thrombosis in long-haul flights with Flite Tabs: the LONFLIT-FLITE randomized, controlled trial. Angiology. 2003;54(5):531-9.
Tai MW, Sweet BV. Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2006;63(12):1121-3.
Felton GE. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypotheses. 1980;6(1):1123-33.
Seligman B. Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology. 1969;20(1):22-6.
Ito H, Suzuki T. Effect of oral administration of nattokinase extract on blood mobility. Society Analyti Bio-Sci. 2002;25(4).
Heinicke RM, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia, 1972;28(7):844-5.
Hsia CH, Shen MC, Lin JS, et al. Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects. Nutr Res. 2009;29(3):190-6.
Wu D-J, Lin C-S, Lee M-Y. Lipid-Lowering Effect of Nattokinase in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2009;25:26-30.
Antony B, Merina B, Sheeba V. Amlamax in the management of dyslipidemia in humans. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(4):504-7.
Meade TW. Fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Pathol. 1997;50:13-15.
Milner M, Makise K. Natto and its Active Ingredient Nattokinase: a potent and safe thrombolytic agent. Alt Comp Therap. 2002;8(3):157-64.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol. 1990;84:139-43.
Ako H, Cheung AH, Matsuura PK. Isolation of a fibrinolysis enzyme activator from commercial bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981;254(1):157-67.
Fujita M, Hong K, Ito Y, et al. Thrombolytic effect of nattokinase on a chemically induced thrombosis model in rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995;18:1387-91.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Tsushima H, Mihara H, Muraki H. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia. 1987;43:1110-11.
Pais E, Alexy T, Holsworth RE Jr, Meise HJ. Effects of nattokinase, a pro-fibrinolytic enzyme, on red blood cell aggregation and whole blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35:139-42.
Suzuki Y, Kondo K, Matsumoto Y, et al. Dietary supplementation of fermented soybean, natto, suppresses intimal thickening and modulates the lysis of mural thrombi after endothelial injury in rat femoral artery. Life Sci. 2003;73:1289-98.
Hamsten A, de Faire U, Walldius G, et al. Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma: risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1987;2:3-9.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Maurer HR, Eckert K, Grabowska E, Eschmann K. Use of bromelain proteases for inhibiting blood coagulation. Patent WO PCT/EP 98/04406. 2000.
De-Giuli M, Pirotta F. Bromelain, interaction with some protease inhibitor and rabbit specific antiserum. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:21-3.
Smyth RD, Brennan R, Martin GJ. Systemic biochemical changes following the oral administration of a proteolytic enzyme, bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 1962;136:230-6.
Sandhya KV, Devi SG, Mathew ST. Quantitation of serrapeptase in formulations by UV method in the microplate format. Curr Drug Deliv. 2008;5(4):303-5.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, doubleblind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Selezneva AA, Babenko GA, Bol’shakova MD, Rozhanskaia TI, Margolina NA. Preparative isolation of terrilytin components and study of their enzymatic properties. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1976;12(3):416-20.
Selezneva AA, Bol’shakova MD. Proteolytic complex from Aspergillus terricola. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1986;22(1):3-11.
Juhasz B, Thirunavukkarasu M, Pant R, et al. Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(3):H1365-70.
Bracale G, Selvetella L. [Clinical study of the efficacy of and tolerance to seaprose S in inflammatory venous disease. Controlled study versus serratio-peptidase. ] Minerva Cardioangiol. 1996;44(10):515-24.

Neprinol Helps Support a Normal Inflammatory Response*

Inflammation is the body's immediate response to cellular and tissue damage. Pathogens, chemicals, physical injury or a host of other stimuli can trigger the immune system to produce white blood cells that infiltrate the damaged region, removing the stimulus and repairing the tissue. While this type of normal, acute inflammation is usually linked to healing, an increasing amount of medical research conducted over the last decade has focused on the role of inflammation in aging and disease [1]. Researchers are now finding that chronic, low-level inflammation (sometimes referred to as “systemic” or “silent” inflammation) can take a serious toll on overall health and wellbeing [2-10].

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to help support a normal inflammatory response [11-15].* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. Once in circulation, these enzymes support healthy levels of Endogenous Blood Particles or EBPs, such as fibrin, clotting factors and pro-inflammatory molecules, that can accumulate in the blood.* Systemic enzymes essentially purify the blood of these EBPs, supporting healthy circulatory function, as well as healthy levels of inflammation.*

Neprinol Supports a Healthy Healing Environment*

The body depends on inflammation to defend itself against bacterial and viral invaders and to assist in the healing process following injury. The classic signs of acute inflammation are:

Redness and heat caused by increased blood flow to the site of injury/infection
Swelling due to the accumulation of fluid (a consequence of the increased blood flow)
Pain caused by swelling that compresses nerve endings near the injury
Impairment of function (but only if the inflammation occurs in or near a joint)

Although inflammation is meant to help remove damaged tissue and pathogens and promote healing, it has the potential to impede recovery following surgery, medical intervention or injury. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents are often recommended to manage inflammation, swelling and pain [16].

Research has found that systemic enzymes like those found in Neprinol can help support a normal inflammatory response following surgery and injury [11,15,17-31].* Of these enzymes, those with the most potent action are serrapeptase, a proteolytic (protein-degrading) enzyme isolated from the silk worm [32]; bromelain, a proteolytic pineapple extract; and rutin, a flavonoid (plant pigment) that is hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to release the antioxidant quercetin [33].*

In a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 174 patients were recruited to evaluate the effects of the anti-inflammatory enzyme serrapeptase following surgery [17]. Eighty-eight patients received 10 mg of serrapeptase three times on the day before operation, once on the night of the operation and three times daily for five days following the operation; the other 86 received placebo. At the end of the study, the researchers observed that the degree of buccal swelling in the serrapeptase-treated patients was significantly less than that in the placebo-treated patients. Maximal swelling throughout all of the post-operative period was also significantly smaller in the serrapeptase-treated group than in the placebo-treated group [17].

Systemic enzyme therapy that included bromelain and rutin has also been shown to help support recovery following surgery and injury.* A group of 60 patients was followed after undergoing surgery to fix fractures of the long bones [27]. Thirty were given systemic enzymes while the remaining thirty received standard antiedematic drugs. The results of the study demonstrated that the systemic enzymes helped reduce the edema that accompanies trauma and inflammation [27].* Supplementation with bromelain has also been shown to support normal levels of swelling and pain following less traumatic blunt injuries to the locomotor system [29].*

Neprinol Supports Normal Levels of Inflammation*

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, deregulated and maladaptive response that involves active inflammation, tissue destruction and attempts at tissue repair. Unlike acute inflammation, there is no visible sign that this process is going on, as there is no redness or swelling. Instead, because of the potentially asymptomatic nature of this low-grade inflammation, elevations of pro-inflammatory chemicals in the blood may progress undetected for some time, only being discovered after they have caused enough cellular damage to produce disease symptoms. This is why doctors now measure levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) to determine a person's future risk for developing heart disease [2-4].

[link to cardiovascular health article]

Recent research shows that supplementation with systemic enzymes found in Neprinol, such as bromelain, rutin and papain help support a normal inflammatory response [11-15].*

The anti-inflammatory activity of bromelain has been attributed to its ability to reduce COX-2 activity, decrease prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, lower circulating fibrinogen levels, and reduce cellular adhesion of pro-inflammatory white blood cells to the sites of inflammation [34].* In one clinical study, 29 patients with moderate or severe arthritis (25 with rheumatoid arthritis) received oral, enteric-coated bromelain three to four times daily for 3 weeks to 13 months [35]. All of the patients had had residual joint swelling for many months or years despite glucocorticoid therapy, which was continued during bromelain treatment. However, soon after starting bromelain, eight patients (28%) experienced a resolution of swelling, pain and soreness, and an additional 13 patients (45%) showed improvement [35].*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Weiss U. Inflammation. Nature. 2008;454:427.
Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, et al. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. Br Med J. 2000;321:199.
Koenig W. Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview. Cardiol Rev. 2001;9(1):31-35.
Haffner SM. The Metabolic Syndrome: Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(2):3-11.
Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(5):1111-9.
Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Pankow JS, et al. Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Daibetes. 2003;52(7):1799-1805.
Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Curb JD, Masaki K, White LR, Launer LJ. Early inflammation and dementia: A 25-year follow-up of the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Ann Neurol. 2002;52(2):168-174.
Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Meijer J, et al. Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma and the Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam Study. Arch Neurol. 2004;61(5):668-72.
Roger J. Inflammation as a pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. Arzneimittel-Forschung. 1995;45(3A):439-42.
Moss SF, Blaser MJ. Mechanisms of disease: Inflammation and the origins of cancer. Oncology. 2005;2(2):90-7.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of imflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73-7.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634-9.
Almekinders LC. Antiinflammatory treatment of muscular injuries. Sports Med. 1993;15(3):139-45.
Tachibana M, Mizukoshi O, Harada Y, Kawamoto K, Nakai Y. A multi-centre, double-blind study of serrapeptase versus placebo in post-antrotomy buccal swelling. Pharmatherapeutica. 1984;3(8):526-30.
Esch PM, Gerngross H, Fabian A. [Reduction of postoperative swelling. Objective measurement of swelling of the upper ankle joint in treatment with serrapeptase-- a prospective study] [Article in German]. Fortschr Med. 1989;107(4):67-8,71-2.
Al-Khateeb TH, Nusair Y. Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase on swelling, pain and trismus after surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;37(3):264-8.
Pant KK, Das V, Grawal SP, et al. PARFLEX – a very useful drug for management of surgical pain. J Indian Med Assoc. 2008;106(6):409-11.
Zatuchni GI, Colombi DJ. Bromelains therapy for the prevention of episiotomy pain. Obstet Gynecol. 1967;29:275-8.
Howat RC, Lewis GD. The effect of bromelain therapy on episiotomy wounds—a double-blind controlled clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1972;79:951-3.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. A double-blind crossover study of a plant proteolytic enzyme in oral surgery. J Dent Med. 1965;20:51-4.
Seltzer AP. Minimizing post-operative edema and ecchymoses by the use of an oral enzyme preparation (bromelain): a controlled study of 53 rhinoplasty cases. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1962;41:813-7.
Merten HA, Müller K, Drubel F, Halling F. [Volumetric verification of edema protection with Serrapeptase after third molar osteotomy] [Article in German]. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1991;15(4):302-5.
Inchingolo F, Tatullo M, Marrelli M, et al. Clinical trial with bromelain in third molar exodontia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010;14(9):771-4.
Kamenícek V, Holán P, Franĕk P. [Systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment and prevention of post-traumatic and postoperative swelling] [Article in Czech]. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2001;68(1):45-9.
Hotz G, Frank T, Zöller J, Wiebelt H. [Antiphlogistic effect of bromelain following third molar removal] [Article in German]. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z. 1989;44(11):830-2.
Masson M. [Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor system. A study of observed applications in general practice] [Article in German]. Fortschr Med. 1995;113:303-6.
Blonstein JL. Control of swelling in boxing injuries. Practitioner. 1969;203:206.
Kerkhoffs GM, Struijs PA, de Wit C, et al. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study on the efficacy and safety of treating acute lateral ankle sprain with oral hydrolytic enzymes. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(4):431-5.
Sandhya KV, Devi SG, Mathew ST. Quantitation of serrapeptase in formulations by UV method in the microplate format. Curr Drug Deliv. 2008;5(4):303-5.
Erlund I, Kosonen T, Alfthan G, et al. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin from quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;56:545-53.
Yuan G, Wahlqvist ML, He G, Yang M, Li D. Natural products and anti-inflammatory activity. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(2):143-52.
Cohen A, Goldman J. Bromelains Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pa Med J. 1964;67:27-30.

Neprinol Supports Healthy Cognitive Function*

Cognitive function refers to a person’s ability to process thoughts. In general, this includes things like memory, the ability to learn new information, speech and reading comprehension. For most people the brain is hardwired to learn and develop new skills in each of these areas; however, the capacity to learn gradually slows with age. This may lead to issues like memory loss and trouble thinking of the right words while speaking or writing. Certain diseases and conditions may also cause a decline in cognitive function.

One of the potential causes of declining cognitive function is the buildup of hard plaques between brain cells. These plaques are generally made up of a protein called beta-amyloid, which is a small fragment of a naturally produced brain protein called amyloid precursor protein. Beta-amyloid is usually broken down and eliminated, but this doesn't occur as efficiently with increasing age [1]. However, just having a lot of beta-amyloid doesn't automatically lead to plaque development.

Around the brain is a barrier that stops anything harmful in the blood from entering the brain – called the blood-brain barrier. Studies have shown that age-related damage to the blood-brain barrier allows fibrin and other proteins to leak into the brain [2]. Once inside the brain, the fibrin joins with any beta-amyloid that is there to form clots. These clots obstruct blood flow and contribute to inflammation, damaging the brain and leading to memory loss and other cognitive issues [2-4].

Neprinol Helps Support Normal Fibrin and Protein Levels*

Researchers have been studying fibrin as a potential target for supporting healthy cognitive function. Preliminary research conducted by scientists from Rockefeller University found that they could reduce inflammation and blood vessel damage in the brains of mice with cognitive issues by decreasing the amount of fibrin in their blood with a natural enzyme [2,5]. A later study showed that breaking up fibrin reduced the amount of amyloid deposits found in the brain blood vessels of mice and also improved their memories [4].

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support healthy cognitive function.* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes support healthy levels of Endogenous Blood Particlesor EBPs, such as decayed or oxidized cells, fibrin, fatty proteins or other unwanted materials, that normally accumulate in the blood.* By digesting this cellular debris, systemic enzymes assist in supporting healthy levels of fibrin and other proteins [6-13].* [link EBPs to blood purity article; link fibrin to fibrin and blood viscosity article]

Neprinol Supports a Healthy Inflammatory Response*

Research indicates that chronic inflammation plays a role in declining cognitive function. A number of studies have linked increasing levels of pro-inflammatory proteins like fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with declining performance on cognitive function tests [14,15].

In one study, investigators evaluated the cognitive ability of men and women between the ages of 70 and 89 and categorized them as having normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The subjects were also evaluated for pro-inflammatory markers, including CRP, IL-6 and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha). The results showed a significant association between elevated CRP levels and an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment. In fact, the participants with the highest levels of CRP had more than double the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment compared to the subjects with the lowest CRP levels [14].

Recent research shows that supplementation with systemic enzymes may help support a normal inflammatory response [16-20].*
[Link to inflammation article]

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Vinters HV, Wang ZZ, Secor DL. Brain parenchymal and microvascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol. 1996;6(2):179-95.
Paul J, Strickland S, Melchor JP. Fibrin deposition accelerates neurovascular damage and neuroinflammation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med. 2007; 204(8):1999-2008.
Merkle DL, Cheng CH, Castellino FJ, Chibber BA. Modulation of fibrin assembly and polymerization by the beta-amyloid of Alzheimer's disease. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1996;7(6):650-8.
Cortes-Canteli M, Paul J, Norris EH, et al. Fibrinogen and beta-amyloid association alters thrombosis and fibrinolysis: a possible contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2010;66(5):695-709.
Deane R, Zlokovic BV. Role of the blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007;4(2):191-7.
Meletis CD, Barker JE. Therapeutic Enzymes: Using the Body's Helpers as Healers. Alt Comp Ther. 2005;74-7.
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Prevention of venous thrombosis in long-haul flights with Flite Tabs: the LONFLIT-FLITE randomized, controlled trial. Angiology. 2003;54(5):531-9.
Tai MW, Sweet BV. Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2006;63(12):1121-3.
Felton GE. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypotheses. 1980;6(1):1123-33.
Seligman B. Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology. 1969;20(1):22-6.
Ito H, Suzuki T. Effect of oral administration of nattokinase extract on blood mobility. Society Analyti Bio-Sci. 2002;25(4).
Heinicke RM, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia, 1972;28(7):844-5.
Hsu RL, Lee KT, Wang JH, Lee LY, Chen RP. Amyloid-degrading ability of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis natto. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(2):503-8.
Roberts RO, Geda YE, Knopman DS, et al. Association of C-reactive protein with mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2009;5(5):398-405.
Rafnsson SB, Deary IJ, Smith FB, et al. Cognitive decline and markers of inflammation and hemostasis: the Edinburgh Artery Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(5):700-7.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of imflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73-7.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, doubleblind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634-9.

Neprinol Supports Healthy Blood Glucose Levels*

The simple sugar glucose is the primary energy source for all of the cells in the body. Without glucose, the human body would shut down, deprived of the fuel it needs to power its most basic functions. Too much glucose, however, can lead to illness and major health problems.

The majority of the glucose used to power the body comes from carbohydrates in the diet. These complex chains of sugar molecules are broken down into simpler glucose molecules by the digestive system and then released into the bloodstream. When glucose enters the bloodstream, some of it flows directly to the brain and other organs where it serves as fuel. The remaining glucose is shuttled, by insulin, into fat, muscles and liver cells where it is stored. The body can then use these stores during periods of low blood glucose to provide a consistent fuel source. This process also ensures that blood glucose levels gradually drop back to normal following a meal.

Unfortunately, this process does not always function at optimum levels, causing blood sugar levels to climb. This is often the result of problems with the insulin response, which can occur when the body does not make enough insulin or when cells throughout the body become resistant to its effects. Blood sugar levels that remain higher than normal for long periods of time can pose a significant threat to overall health since:

Cells in the body are essentially “starving” because they are not absorbing enough glucose.
High sugar levels slowly erode the health and function of the pancreas.
Excess sugar is modified in the blood and begins to stick to and coat bloodstream proteins, which are normally "sugar-free." Thanks to this sugary film, the proteins don't function well, can be deposited in blood vessels and can cause damage to blood vessels and other structures in the body.

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support healthy glycemic function.* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical studies have shown that the systemic enzymes found in Neprinol can help support healthy blood sugar levels and lipid profiles in people concerned about their glycemic health [1].*

A recent study investigated the effects of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels [1]. After 21 days of supplementation, the researchers reported that amla helped support normal blood glucose and lipid levels in both healthy individuals and those concerned about their cardiovascular and glycemic health [1].*

Neprinol Supports Healthy Circulatory Function*

Because all cells metabolize sugar for energy, trouble with the system of storing and using glucose can lead to a variety of problems throughout the body. One of the possible systemic problems that can accompany high blood glucose levels involves deficiencies with blood flow. Researchers have found that circulatory problems in people with chronically high blood glucose levels and impaired insulin function are related to excess blood clotting and a diminished ability to dissolve the protein fibrin [2]. Fibrin is needed for blood clotting following injury, but in excessive levels, it can block blood vessels if it is not broken down and removed.

Patients with chronically high blood glucose levels and impaired insulin function have been found to have this increased likelihood of coagulation in the blood, with a lower chance of dissolving fibrin clots [3]. Circulation problems can have serious consequences, often leading to lower-limb amputation. Because circulation abnormalities are exacerbated by fibrin clots that cannot be dissolved, the ability to clear such clots can assist in keeping circulation healthy [2,4,5].

Neprinol's unique blend of systemic enzymes are known for their ability to support healthy levels of Endogenous Blood Particles or EBPs.* EBPs can be decayed or oxidized cells, fibrin, fatty proteins or other unwanted proteins that can accumulate in the blood. Systemic enzymes essentially purify the blood of these EBPs, supporting healthy circulatory function [6-12].* By digesting cellular debris like fibrin and other clotting factors, systemic enzymes such as nattokinase, serrapeptase, bromelain and protease assist in supporting normal healthy blood flow and viscosity [6-24].*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Akhtar MS, Ramzan A, Ali A, Ahmad M. Effect of Amla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011;62(6):609-16.
Kalani M, Silveira A, Blombäck M. Beneficial effects of dalteparin on haemostatic function and local tissue oxygenation in patients with diabetes, severe vascular disease and foot ulcers. Thromb Res. 2007;120(5):653-61.
Soares AL, Sousa Mde O, Dusse LM et al. Type 2 diabetes: assessment of endothelial lesion and fibrinolytic system markers. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2007;18(5):395-9.
Brussaard HE, Leuven JA, Krans HM, Kluft C. The effect of 17 beta-oestradiol on variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vascul Pharmacol. 2002;39(3):141-7.
Tehrani S, Mobarrez F, Antovic A. Atorvastatin has antithrombotic effects in patients with type 1 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Thromb Res. 2010;126(3):225-31.
Meletis CD, Barker JE. Therapeutic Enzymes: Using the Body's Helpers as Healers. Alt Comp Ther. 2005;74-7.
Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Prevention of venous thrombosis in long-haul flights with Flite Tabs: the LONFLIT-FLITE randomized, controlled trial. Angiology. 2003;54(5):531-9.
Tai MW, Sweet BV. Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2006;63(12):1121-3.
Felton GE. Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic action of bromelain may eliminate thrombosis in heart patients. Med Hypotheses. 1980;6(1):1123-33.
Seligman B. Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology. 1969;20(1):22-6.
Ito H, Suzuki T. Effect of oral administration of nattokinase extract on blood mobility. Society Analyti Bio-Sci. 2002;25(4).
Heinicke RM, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia. 1972;28(7):844-5.
Milner M, Makise K. Natto and its Active Ingredient Nattokinase: a potent and safe thrombolytic agent. Alt Comp Therap. 2002;8(3):157-64.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol. 1990;84:139-43.
Ako H, Cheung AH, Matsuura PK. Isolation of a fibrinolysis enzyme activator from commercial bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981;254(1):157-67.
Fujita M, Hong K, Ito Y, et al. Thrombolytic effect of nattokinase on a chemically induced thrombosis model in rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995;18:1387-91.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Tsushima H, Mihara H, Muraki H. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia. 1987;43:1110-11.
Pais E, Alexy T, Holsworth RE Jr, Meise HJ. Effects of nattokinase, a pro-fibrinolytic enzyme, on red blood cell aggregation and whole blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35:139-42.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, doubleblind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Selezneva AA, Babenko GA, Bol’shakova MD, Rozhanskaia TI, Margolina NA. Preparative isolation of terrilytin components and study of their enzymatic properties. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1976;12(3):416-20.
Selezneva AA, Bol’shakova MD. Proteolytic complex from Aspergillus terricola. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1986;22(1):3-11.
Juhasz B, Thirunavukkarasu M, Pant R, et al. Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(3):H1365-70.
Bracale G, Selvetella L. [Clinical study of the efficacy of and tolerance to seaprose S in inflammatory venous disease. Controlled study versus serratio-peptidase.] Minerva Cardioangiol. 1996;44(10):515-24.
Hsia CH, Shen MC, Lin JS, et al. Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects. Nutr Res. 2009;29(3):190-6.

Neprinol Supports a Healthy Lipid Profile*

Cholesterol is a fat-like substance naturally produced by the body that is used to build cell membranes, synthesize vitamin D and some hormones, and aid in the production of bile secretions. Despite its usefulness, high levels of LDL (so-called "bad") cholesterol can lead to serious health problems [1]. Excess LDL cholesterol can build up on the walls of arteries, narrowing the opening of the vessel. When this happens, the flow of the blood slows down, limiting its ability to bring nutrients and oxygen to the cells and to take away waste products.

Low levels of HDL and high levels of triglycerides (fats)in the blood can also increase the build-up of lipids in the arteries. On the other hand, high levels of HDL cholesterol protect the cardiovascular system by helping remove any build-up of LDL from the arteries.

There is substantial clinical evidence linking abnormal lipid profiles to poor cardiovascular health [2]. This "dyslipidemia" encompasses elevations in total cholesterol, LDL or triglycerides, as well as low levels of HDL.

A number of intervention studies have demonstrated the benefits of promoting a healthy lipid profile in preserving cardiovascular health and function [3-5]. While this can sometimes be achieved through dietary changes, clinical research has shown that supplementation with systemic enzymes, like those found in Neprinol, may also promote a healthy lipid profile [6-15].*

One of the major enzymes in Neprinol is nattokinase, an extract from a Japanese fermented soybean food called natto. Nattokinase has been shown in a number of human and animal studies to promote healthy levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the blood [6-9].* This may be due to the effects of nattokinase on LDL-oxidation and lipid metabolism [6,7].*

Bromelain, a pineapple extract, has also been shown to support healthy levels of both plasma cholesterol and triglycerides [10].* In one clinical study, bromelain reduced plasma cholesterol levels in healthy male volunteers by an average of 17% and triglyceride levels by 31% [10].*

Lipase is another important component in Neprinol, and it has been shown to accelerate the breakdown of lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol.* Research has shown that when lipase activity drops, triglyceride levels in the blood rise and the amount of "good" high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreases. However, increasing lipase activity has been shown to support a healthy lipid profile [11,12].*

Finally, at least three clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) to support a healthy lipid profile [13-15].* In a recent study, 21 days of supplementation with amla helped support improvements in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lowered low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in both healthy individuals as well as those concerned about their cardiovascular and glycemic health [13].* Studies conducted in rats suggest that amla might help support healthy lipid levels by the concerted action of inhibition of synthesis and enhancement of degradation [16].*

All of these potent systemic enzymes are combined in Neprinol's unique formulation. In a case study, regular use of Neprinol supported healthy levels of cholesterol in a patient concerned about maintaining a healthy lipid profile [17].*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Castelli WP. Epidemiology of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Med. 1984;76:4-12.
Castelli, WP Garrison RJ, Wilson PWF. Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J Am Med Assoc. 1986;256:2835-8.
Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. J Am Med Assoc. 1998;279:1615-22.
Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1995;344:1383-9.
Manson JE, Tosterson H, Ridker PM, et al. The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1406-16.
Iwai K, Nakaya N, Kawasaki Y, et al. Antioxidant functions of natto, a kind of fermented soybean: effect on LDL oxidation and lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50:3597-3601.
Yokota T, Hattori T, Ohishi H, et al. The effect of antioxidant-containing fraction from fermented soybean on atherosclerosis development in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Lebensm-Wiss Technol. 1996;29:751-5.
Wu D-J, Lin C-S, Lee M-Y. Lipid-lowering effect of nattokinase in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2009;25:26-30.
Ito H, Suzuki T. Effect of oral administration of nattokinase extract on blood mobility. Society Analyti Bio-Sci. 2002;25(4).
Barnwell SG. Medical application of bromelain. US patent 5767066. June 16, 1998.
Tsutsumi K. Lipoprotein Lipase and Atherosclerosis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2003;1:11-7.
McPherson JC, Moore WT, Pope JL, Tidwell HC. Effect of Lipase Ingestion on Blood Lipid Levels. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964;115:514-7.
Akhtar MS, Ramzan A, Ali A, Ahmad M. Effect of Amla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011;62(6):609-16.
Antony B, Merina B, Sheeba V. Amlamax in the management of dyslipidemia in humans. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(4):504-7.
Jacob A, Pandey M, Kapoor S, Saroja R. Effect of the Indian gooseberry (amla) on serum cholesterol levels in men aged 35-55 years. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988;42(11):939-44.
Anila L, Vijayalakshmi NR. Flavonoids from Emblica officinalis and Mangifera indica-effectiveness for dyslipidemia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(1):81-7.
Bannock L. The end of heart disease and arthritis. The Doctors’ Prescription for Healthy Living. Arthur Andrew Medical.

Neprinol Supports Lung and Respiratory Health*

The respiratory system is made up of the nose, sinuses, mouth, throat, voice box, windpipe, lungs, diaphragm and blood vessels. The main function of this system is to bring in oxygen-rich air to power the body's cellular processes and to release carbon dioxide.

The average person breathes about 25,000 times during a normal day. For a healthy person this process is easy, but when the health of the respiratory system is compromised breathing is not so simple.

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support healthy respiratory function [1-10].* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. Once in the bloodstream, these enzymes have full access to all of the cells and tissues in the body.* Recent medical breakthroughs have led researchers to use the proteolytic (protein-dissolving), immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties of systemic enzymes to aid in supporting the health of the respiratory system [1-10].*

Neprinol Supports Healthy Levels of Fibrin*

Fibrin is a protein formed in the human body that can significantly impact health and general wellbeing – for better and for worse. Since scar tissue and thrombi (blood clots) are comprised mainly of fibrin, this protein plays a vital role in the healing process. However, a number of different conditions are associated with the buildup of scar tissue in the lungs [11-13].

Microscopic damage to the alveoli (air sacs) and interstitial tissues (tissue between cells) of the lungs causes inflammation and scar tissue to develop. As this scar tissue builds up in the lungs it eventually causes the usually soft, permeable tissue to become stiff and thick, which makes breathing extremely difficult. This buildup of fibrin is thought to be linked to excessive amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) [14].* PAI-1 prevents the conversion of the protein plasminogen into plasmin, a blood enzyme that degrades many blood proteins, most notably fibrin. Without plasminogen being converted into plasmin, the body's ability to naturally dissolve fibrin is drastically reduced.

Research has shown that protein-dissolving enzymes like those found in Neprinol can slow the production of fibrin and enhance its removal [15-19].* In laboratory studies, researchers have found that nattokinase, an enzyme extracted from a Japanese fermented soybean food called natto, works in much the same way as plasmin [20], which means that nattokinase has the potential to literally dissolve fibrin [16].* In fact, nattokinase has been clinically shown in animal models to be four times more potent than plasmin itself [21].* Nattokinase also blocks the activity of PAI-1, which boosts its fibrin-degrading capacity even more [21,22].*

Bromelain is a pineapple extract that contains a number of fibrin-degrading enzymes [23,24], as well as enzymes that enhance this fibrin-dissolving action [17].* Bromelain has also been shown to increase the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin [25-27], as well as prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin [23].* Serrapeptase is a protein-degrading enzyme isolated from the silk worm [28] that has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and fibrin-removal activity [29].* Fungal proteases also have well characterized fibrinolytic properties, as demonstrated by their ability to breakdown fibrin and fibrinogen [30,31].*

Neprinol Supports Normal Levels of Inflammation*

Inflammation has also been shown to negatively affect respiratory function [32-34]. Researchers have found that systemic enzymes like those found in Neprinol can help support a normal inflammatory response [5,23,24,35,36].* Of these enzymes, bromelain has been shown to have the most potent effects within the respiratory system [6-10].*

In laboratory studies, bromelain has been shown to block some of the chemicals that promote and accelerate the process of inflammation [23,37,38].* Research has also shown that bromelain is especially effective at decreasing the migration of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, to inflamed areas.* One in vitro study measured a 50-85% decrease in neutrophil migration with the use of bromelain [39].* This is especially important for respiratory health as neutrophils are thought to be a major contributor to declining lung health and function [40]. That is because once neutrophils reach the site of inflammation, they produce a number of chemical substances that promote both lung injury and scar tissue formation [41]. Bromelain has also been shown to support healthy levels of inflammation in other parts of the respiratory system, mainly within the sinuses [6-10].*

Neprinol Supports Normal Mucus Production and Clearance*

Mucus is an important substance produced within the respiratory system. In the upper respiratory tract it is produced to trap incoming pathogens (disease causing agents) so they can be destroyed and removed by the immune system. Mucus is also vital for the normal functioning of the lungs. However, sometimes mucus can be overproduced and become thick and difficult to expel, promoting infection and lung tissue damage, as well as contributing to declining respiratory function [42].

Serrapeptase has been shown in at least two clinical trials to support normal mucus thickness and healthy mucus clearance from the lungs [3,4].*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Lanchava N, Nemsadze K, Chkhaidze I, Kandelaki E, Nareklishvili N. Wobenzym in treatment of recurrent obstructive bronchitis in children. Georgian Med News. 2005;(127):50-3.
Shved MI, Dubkova GI. Therapeutic efficacy of Wobenzym in patients with focal pneumonia. Visnik Naukovych Doslidzenij. 1999(2):79-82.
Nakamura S, Hashimoto Y, Mikami M, et al. Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase in patients with chronic airway disease. Respirology. 2003;8(3):316-20.
Majima Y, Inagaki M, Hirata K, Takeuchi K, Morishita A, Sakakura Y. The effect of an orally administered proteolytic enzyme on the elasticity and viscosity of nasal mucus. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1988;244(6):355-9.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18(5):379-88.
Ryan RE. A double-blind clinical evaluation of bromelains in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Headache. 1967;7:13-17.
Taub SJ. The use of ananase in sinusitis: A study of 60 patients. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1966;45:96,98.
Seltzer AP. Adjunctive use of bromelains in sinusitis: a controlled study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1967;46:1281-1288.
Braun JM, Schneider B, Beuth HJ. Therapeutic use, efficiency and safety of the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain-POS in children with acute sinusitis in Germany. In Vivo. 2005;19(2):417-21.
Taub SJ. The use of bromelains in sinusitis: a double-blind clinical evaluation. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1967;46:361-2.
Thannickal VJ, Toews GB, White ES, Lynch JP, Martinez FJ. Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Ann Reviews Med. 2004;55:395-417.
Idell S. Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and fibrin deposition in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(4):S213-20.
Pardo A, Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonaryfibrosis: new insights in its pathogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002;34(12):1534-8.
Crystal RG, Bitterman PB, Mossman B, et al. Future research directions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: summary of a national heart, lung, and blood institute working group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:236-46.
Meletis CD, Barker JE. Therapeutic Enzymes: Using the Body's Helpers as Healers. Alt Comp Ther. 2005;74-7.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Nakanishi K, Hiratani H. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol. 1990;84:139-43.
Ako H, Cheung AH, Matsuura PK. Isolation of a fibrinolysis enzyme activator from commercial bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1981;254(1):157-67.
Sumi H, Hamada H, Tsushima H, Mihara H, Muraki H. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia. 1987;43:1110-11.
Pais E, Alexy T, Holsworth RE Jr, Meise HJ. Effects of nattokinase, a pro-fibrinolytic enzyme, on red blood cell aggregation and whole blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35:139-42.
Milner M, Makise K. Natto and its Active Ingredient Nattokinase: a potent and safe thrombolytic agent. Alt Comp Therap. 2002;8(3):157-64.
Fujita M, Hong K, Ito Y, et al. Thrombolytic effect of nattokinase on a chemically induced thrombosis model in rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995;18:1387-91.
Suzuki Y, Kondo K, Matsumoto Y, et al. Dietary supplementation of fermented soybean, natto, suppresses intimal thickening and modulates the lysis of mural thrombi after endothelial injury in rat femoral artery. Life Sci. 2003;73:1289-98.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Maurer HR, Eckert K, Grabowska E, Eschmann K. Use of bromelain proteases for inhibiting blood coagulation. Patent WO PCT/EP 98/04406. 2000.
De-Giuli M, Pirotta F. Bromelain, interaction with some protease inhibitor and rabbit specific antiserum. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:21-3.
Smyth RD, Brennan R, Martin GJ. Systemic biochemical changes following the oral administration of a proteolytic enzyme, bromelain. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 1962;136:230-6.
Sandhya KV, Devi SG, Mathew ST. Quantitation of serrapeptase in formulations by UV method in the microplate format. Curr Drug Deliv. 2008;5(4):303-5.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Selezneva AA, Babenko GA, Bol’shakova MD, Rozhanskaia TI, Margolina NA. Preparative isolation of terrilytin components and study of their enzymatic properties. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1976;12(3):416-20.
Selezneva AA, Bol’shakova MD. Proteolytic complex from Aspergillus terricola. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1986;22(1):3-11.
Finkelstein R, Fraser RS, Ghezzo H, Cosio MG. Alveolar inflammation and its relation to emphysema in smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(5):1666-72.
Bhowmik A, Seemungai TAR, Sapsford RJ, Wedzicha JA. Relation of sputum inflammatory markers to symptoms and lung function changes in COPD exacerbations. Thorax. 2000;55:114-20.
Donaldson GC, Seemungal TA, Patel IS, et al. Airway and systemic inflammation and decline in lung function in patients with COPD. Chest. 2005;128(4):1995-2004.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of imflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73-7.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634-9.
Onken JE, Greer PK, Calingaert B, et al. Bromelain treatment decreases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by colon biopsies in vitro. Clin Immunol. 2008;126(3):345-52.
Secor ER, Carson WF, Singh A, et al. Oral bromelain attenuates inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008;5(1):61-9.
Fitzhugh DJ, Shan S, Dewhirst MW et al. Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. Clin Immunol. 2008;128:66-74.
Mukae H, Iiboshi H, Nakazato M, et al. Raised plasma concentration of alpha-defensins in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 2002;57:623-8.
White ES, Standiford TJ. Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. In: Lynch JP III, ed. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2004:341-58.
Voynow JA, Rubin BK. Mucins, Mucus, and Sputum. Chest. 2009;135(2):505-12.

Neprinol Supports Enhanced Blood Cleansing*

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for the millions of chemical reactions that are essential for the survival and health of the body. Nearly every process that takes place throughout our lives depends on the proper functioning of a number of different enzymes, from breaking down food during digestion to building, maintaining and repairing every single cell and tissue throughout the body.

There are two main types of enzymes. Digestive Enzymes are the enzymes responsible for breaking down food in our digestive tract so that its nutritional components can be absorbed and used for nourishment. These enzymes, which include lipase, amylase and protease, are naturally produced by the pancreas. Unfortunately, production tends to decrease with increasing age. Systemic Enzymes, like their digestive counterparts, also serve to break down larger (macro) particles into much smaller (micro) nutrients. However, instead of being confined to the digestive tract, systemic enzymes are designed to survive degradation by stomach acid and other digestive processes so that they can be taken up through the intestines and lymphatic system and spread throughout the body via the lymph and circulatory systems [1].

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support wellness by cleaning up the blood.* The roughly 5 liters of blood that flow throughout the adult human body is essentially the river of life. Its currents help transport and distribute vital oxygen and nutrients to every cell, as well as dispose of carbon dioxide and other cellular wastes. Just like with any river, if the wastes and toxins from the cells are not adequately cleared out of the bloodstream, often due to a lack of enzymes or sluggish liver function, the trash starts to build up, creating a sort of "dam" of the detoxification pathways vital for good health [1].

Supplementation with systemic enzymes like those found in Neprinol supports healthy levels of cellular debris, circulating immune complexes, viruses, decayed or oxidized cells, fibrin and fatty proteins in the blood [2-24].* Enzymes use a lock and key mechanism to adhere to and break down dead, decaying or non-living particles, leaving living tissue undisturbed.* If the enzymatic key doesn't fit, which is the case with living tissue, then the enzyme leaves it alone. Therefore, unlike antibiotics, vaccines, medications and other pharmaceutical chemicals that serve a purpose in supporting symptom reduction but are also potentially destructive to living tissues, enzymes naturally only target wastes and excess junk within the body, without harming vital organs and tissues in the process.*

Neprinol Supports the Breakdown of Unhealthy Macroparticles*

Recent medical breakthroughs have led researchers to use the systemic enzymes found in Neprinol's unique formulation to aid in supporting the breakdown and clearing of a number of different macroparticles from the bloodstream [2-24].*

Undigested Food Particles

A number of causative factors of degenerative health often originate in the digestive system and can eventually radiate outward into the circulatory system and the rest of the body. As we age, we produce far less of the digestive enzymes needed to maintain optimal health. The gradual breakdown of the intestinal lining coupled with hindered digestion can allow contaminates such as undigested food particles to enter the bloodstream. These contaminates can accumulate over time, causing the blood to become thick and abrasive, eventually leading to cardiovascular and autoimmune complications [25-27].*

Since lipase is able to break down fats into their constituent fatty acids, and protease and other proteolytic enzymes degrade proteins into amino acids, these systemic enzymes may reduce undigested food particles in the blood, and convert them into nutrients [2,3].* This process allows the body a second chance at digestion by converting fermentable foods into nutrients. As these smaller micronutrients are much easily absorbed into the cells, they have the potential to be utilized as substrates in energy metabolism or stored by the body.* Undigested food particles can ferment and cause the immune system to react which may lead to inflammation and chronic fatigue. Using enzymes to clean and clear the blood supports the immune system, allowing it to perform more critical functions in the body.*

Clotting Factors and Fibrin

A number of the systemic enzymes found in Neprinol function as circulatory purifiers, assisting in the digestion of debris from the cardiovascular system, which softens blood plasma and reduces stress on the arterial walls [20].* In addition, by digesting cellular debris, such as fibrin and other proteins, systemic enzymes assist in supporting normal healthy blood flow and viscosity [4-6].*

Nattokinase, a fibrinolytic enzyme, has been shown to aid in the breakdown of clotting factors such as fibrinogen, factor VII and factor VIII in healthy humans [7], while bromelain, a pineapple extract, has been identified in animal and human studies to have properties that support normal blood viscosity, such as preventing the aggregation of platelets [8,9].* According to doctors who recommend Neprinol, their patients retain clean healthy blood similar to people who are much younger.*

Supporting Healthy Cholesterol Levels

Lipids and lipoproteins are fat-like substances found in circulation that are needed in small amounts for good health. However, when there are too many of these fats in the blood they can build up on the walls of arteries, narrowing the opening of the vessel. When this happens, the flow of the blood slows down, limiting its ability to bring nutrients and oxygen to the cells and to take away waste products. Clinical studies have shown that nattokinase, amla and lipase assist in promoting a healthy lipid profile within the bloodstream [10-18].* Neprinol contains both lipase (fat digesting) and protease (protein digesting) enzymes, this combination may degrade the basic elements of lipoproteins.*

Circulating Immune Complexes (CICs)

The immune system is the body's primary defense against foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. One of the ways the immune system protects the body is by producing proteins called antibodies. Antibodies are formed in response to another type of protein called an antigen (anything foreign or different from a normal body protein). The antibody then attaches to the antigen in an attempt to deactivate it, creating an immune complex in the bloodstream.

If the CICs are small enough, a type of white blood cell known as macrophages are usually able to eat them up like Pac Men and transport them to the liver or the spleen [3]. However, over time the macrophages can become so saturated with CICs that they can no longer remove them from the bloodstream. When this happens, the CICs deposit their contents in places like the kidneys, joints and blood vessel walls, where they can trigger inflammation and tissue damage that can eventually lead to illness [3,29-33].

The proteolytic enzymes found in Neprinol help degrade and eliminate CICs, supporting healthy levels of inflammation as well as the body's natural repair processes [3,19].*

Viruses

Viruses are not technically living things. They are particles made of a core of proteins and DNA or RNA that is usually covered in a layer of lipids (fats) and/or proteins. As a result, viruses are notoriously difficult to get rid of once they enter the body. However, there is clinical evidence that supplementation with systemic enzymes, especially ones that degrade proteins, help support normalization of the viral load within the body [20-24].* It has been hypothesized that due to their proteolytic (protein-degrading) action, proteases are able to affect the protective protein layer that surrounds the virus, leaving it more vulnerable to the body's innate immune defense and antiviral therapy [20-24].*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Cichoke AJ. The Complete Book of Enzyme Therapy. New York, NY: Avery; 1999.
Rachman B. Unique Features and Application of Non-Animal Derived Enzymes. Clin Nutr Insights. 1997;5(10).
Cutler E. Why Enzymes Are Essential to a Healthy Immune System. Townsend Lettr. 2006. 275.
Pais E, Alexy T, Holsworth RE Jr, Meise HJ. Effects of nattokinase, a pro-fibrinolytic enzyme, on red blood cell aggregation and whole blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35:139-42.
Ito H, Suzuki T. Effect of oral administration of nattokinase extract on blood mobility. Society Analyti Bio-Sci. 2002;25(4).
Ernst E, Matrai A. Oral Therapy with proteolytic enzymes for modifying blood rheology. Klin Wschr. 1987;65:994.
Hsia CH, Shen MC, Lin JS, et al. Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects. Nutr Res. 2009;29(3):190-6.
Juhasz B, Thirunavukkarasu M, Pant R, et al. Bromelain induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt/FOXO pathway in rat myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(3):H1365-70.
Heinicke RM, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain on human platelet aggregation. Experientia. 1972;28:844-5.
Olivecrona G, Olivecrona T. Triglyceride lipases and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010;21(5):409-15.
McPherson JC, Moore WT, Pope JL, Tidwell HC. Effect of Lipase Ingestion on Blood Lipid Levels. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964;115:514-7.
Wu D-J, Lin C-S, Lee M-Y. Lipid-Lowering Effect of Nattokinase in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2009;25:26-30.
Iwai K, Nakaya N, Kawasaki Y, et al. Antioxidant functions of natto, a kind of fermented soybean: effect on LDL oxidation and lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50:3597-3601.
Yokota T, Hattori T, Ohishi H, et al. The effect of antioxidant-containing fraction from fermented soybean on atherosclerosis development in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Lebensm-Wiss Technol. 1996;29:751-5.
Akhtar MS, Ramzan A, Ali A, Ahmad M. Effect of Amla fruit (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on blood glucose and lipid profile of normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011;62(6):609-16.
Antony B, Merina B, Sheeba V. Amlamax in the management of dyslipidemia in humans. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(4):504-7.
Jacob A, Pandey M, Kapoor S, Saroja R. Effect of the Indian gooseberry (amla) on serum cholesterol levels in men aged 35-55 years. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988;42(11):939-44.
Anila L, Vijayalakshmi NR. Flavonoids from Emblica officinalis and Mangifera indica-effectiveness for dyslipidemia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(1):81-7.
Kunze R, Ransberger K, et al. Humoral immunomodulatory capacity of proteases in immune complex decomposition and formation. First International symposium on combination therapies, Washington, DC; 1991.
Jager H. Hydrolytic Enzymes in the therapy of HIV disease. Zeitschr Allgemeinmed. 1990;19:160.
Bartsch W. The treatment of herpes zoster using proteolytic enzymes. Der Informierte Arzt. 1974;2:424-9.
Scheef W. Enzymtherapie, Lehrbruch der Naturheilver fahren. Hippokrates Verlag Bd. 1987;11(Suppl):95-103.
Billigmann P. Enzyme therapy—an alternative in treatment of herpes zoster. A controlled study of 192 patients [translated from German]. Fortschr Med. 1995;113:43-8.
Kleine MW, Stauder GM, Beese EW. The intestinal absorption of orally administered hydrolytic enzymes and their effects in the treatment of acute herpes zoster as compared with those of oral acyclovir therapy. Phytomedicine. 1995;2:7-15.
Koenig W. Fibrin(ogen) in cardiovascular disease: an update. Thromb Haemost. 2003;89:601-9.
Eidelman RS, Hennekens CH. Fibrinogen: a predictor of stroke and marker of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:499-500.
Nesheim M. Myocardial infarction and the balance between fibrin deposition and removal. Ital Heart J. 2001;2:641-5.
Suzuki Y, Kondo K, Matsumoto Y, et al. Dietary supplementation of fermented soybean, natto, suppresses intimal thickening and modulates the lysis of mural thrombi after endothelial injury in rat femoral artery. Life Sci. 2003;73:1289-98.
Nydegger UE, Lambert PH, Gerber H, Miescher PA. Circulating Immune Complexes in the Serum in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and in Carriers of Hepatitis B Antigen: Quantitation by Binding to Radiolabeled Clq. J Clin Invest. 1974;54(2):297-309.
Singh VK, Tingle AJ, Schulzer M. Rubella-associated arthritis. II. Relationship between circulating immune complex levels and joint manifestations. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45(2):115-9.
Rosenbaum JT, Theofilopoulos AN, McDevitt HO, Pereira AB, Carson D, Calin A. Presence of circulating immune complexes in Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1981;18(2):291-7.
Jewell DP, MacLennan ICM. Circulating immune complexes in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1973;14(2):219-26.
Jewell DP, Maclennan IC, Truelove SC. Circulating immune complexes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut. 1972;13(10):839-40.

Neprinol Supports Joint Comfort and Health*

Because joints like the knees, hips, shoulders and elbows are the areas where bones come together, they perform very important functions in the body. Primarily they allow the skeleton to be flexible for movement. Their structure also ensures that the bones do not come in direct contact with each other. Instead, they are cushioned by cartilage in the joint, synovial membranes around the joint and fluid.

Unfortunately, joint movement becomes more restricted and flexibility decreases with age because of changes in tendons and ligaments. A lifetime of use (and even minor injuries in youth) can also reduce flexibility and the cushioning effect of normal cartilage, allowing bone to rub against bone, resulting in pain and restriction of joint movement. Therefore, the joints require just as much care and maintenance as other parts of the body.

Neprinol, by Arthur Andrew Medical, is a revolutionary blend of systemic enzymes and antioxidants specially formulated to support healthy joints.* Systemic enzymes are similar to digestive enzymes but primarily target the bloodstream rather than the gastrointestinal tract. Recent medical breakthroughs have led researchers to use systemic enzymes to aid in producing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in people concerned about the health and flexibility of their joints [1-8].*

Neprinol Helps Support a Normal Inflammatory Response*

Over time the surface of the cartilage that cushions the joints can change from smooth to fissured. That's when erosions begin to appear, predisposing the bones that make up the joints to damage. In an attempt to address these changes, immune cells mount a cellular response that involves inflammation. When the inflammatory response is out of balance, joint health may be complicated, in most cases due to changes in the bone and soft tissue in the joint. Therefore, maintaining a normal inflammatory response may help support joint health and comfort.*

Recent research shows that supplementation with systemic enzymes may help support a normal inflammatory response [9-13].* Bromelain, a proteolytic (protein-degrading) pineapple extract, has a number of anti-inflammatory effects in the body; specifically, it has been shown in the laboratory to reduce COX-2 activity, decrease prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, lower circulating fibrinogen levels, and reduce cellular adhesion of pro-inflammatory white blood cells to the sites of inflammation [14].* Rutin, a flavonoid (plant pigment) that is hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to release quercetin [15], and papain, a proteolytic enzyme found in the papaya fruit, have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory action in both animals and humans [6,16,17].*

[Link to inflammation article]

In a blinded study conducted in 2006, German researchers divided 90 patients with painful osteoarthritis of the hip into two groups: half receiving an oral enzyme preparation containing rutin and bromelain, and the other half receiving the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. After six weeks, the researchers reported that the enzyme preparation was as effective as diclofenac in standard scales of pain, stiffness and physical function, as well as being better tolerated [3].*

These results were supported by another study that compared a standardized enzyme preparation containing both bromelain and rutin with diclofenac. The study reported that the systemic enzyme supplement was as effective as diclofenac in reducing joint tenderness, pain and swelling, as well as improving range of motion [8].*

Is Neprinol Safe?

References

Leipner J, Iten F, Saller R. Therapy with proteolytic enzymes in rheumatic disorders. BioDrugs. 2001;15(12):779-89.
Klein G, Kullich W. Short-term Treatment of Painful Osteoarthritis of the Knee With Oral Enzymes. Clin Drug Invest. 2000;19(1):15-23.
Klein G, Kullich W, Schnitker J, Schwann H. Efficacy and tolerance of an oral enzyme combination in painful osteoarthritis of the hip. A double-blind, randomised study comparing oral enzymes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24(1):25-30.
Walker AF, Bundy R, Hicks SM, Middleton RW. Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults. Phytomedicine. 2002;9:681-6.
Wittenborg A, Bock PR, Hanisch J, Saller R, Schneider B. [Comparative epidemiological study in patients with rheumatic diseases illustrated in a example of a treatment with non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs versus an oral enzyme combination preparation] [Article in German]. Arzneimittelforschung. 2000;50(8):728-38.
Singer F, Oberleitner H. [Drug therapy of activated arthrosis. On the effectiveness of an enzyme mixture versus diclofenac] [Article in German]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1996;146(3):55-8.
Tilwe GH, Beria S, Turakhia NH, Daftary GV, Schiess W. Efficacy and tolerability of oral enzyme therapy as compared to diclofenac in active osteoarthritis of the knee joint: an open randomised controlled clinical trial. J Assoc Phys India. 2001;49:621.
Akhtar NM, Naseer R, Farooqi AZ, Wajahat A, Nazir M. Oral enzyme combination versus diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee - a double-blind prospective randomized study. Clin Rheumatol. 2004;23:410-5.
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of imflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73-7.
Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001;58:1234-45.
Pirotta F, de Giuli-Morghen C. Bromelain: antiinflammatory and serum fibrinolytic activity after oral administration in the rat. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1978;4:1-20.
Mazzone A, Catalani M, Costanzo M, et al. Evaluation of Serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: A multicentre, doubleblind, randomized trial versus placebo. J Int Med Res. 1990;18:379-88.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634-9.
Yuan G, Wahlqvist ML, He G, Yang M, Li D. Natural products and anti-inflammatory activity. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(2):143-52.
Erlund I, Kosonen T, Alfthan G, et al. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin from quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;56:545-53.
Cruz T, Galvez J, Ocete MA, et al. Oral administration of rutoside can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Life Sci. 1998;62:687-95.
Galvez J, Cruz T, Crespo E, et al. Rutoside as mucosal protective in acetic acid-induced rat colitis. Planta Med. 1997;63:409-14.